What is Total Quality Management (TQM) and how does it apply to HR?
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy that focuses on continuous improvement of processes, products, and services through systematic measurement, employee involvement, and customer focus. Developed in post-WWII Japan and refined by figures like Deming, Juran, and Crosby, TQM emphasizes that quality is everyone's responsibility and improvement is continuous. In HR, TQM principles influence employee engagement programs, training and development, and process improvement.